The gain and efficiency improvement of free electron laser by an optical klystron configuration has been studied by one dimensional single-particle model.
采用一维单粒子模型对光学速调管结构目由电子激光器增益和效率的提高进行了研究。
The grand partition function of intermediate statistics with a standard method is derived to calculate the thermodynamic properties of an ideal free-particle model.
利用现行标准的统计力学方法推导出中间统计的巨配分函数，得到了服从中间统计的理想自由粒子模型的热力学函数。
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